{"id":66956,"date":"2020-02-04T20:26:24","date_gmt":"2020-02-05T04:26:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/?p=66956"},"modified":"2020-02-06T11:50:42","modified_gmt":"2020-02-06T19:50:42","slug":"dynamic-audio-engineering-custom-attenuator","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/maker-success-stories\/dynamic-audio-engineering-custom-attenuator\/","title":{"rendered":"Building Accurate Prototypes With Laser Cut Parts"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-1-CAD-Illustration.jpg\" alt=\"DAE 1 - CAD Illustration\" class=\"wp-image-66948\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-1-CAD-Illustration.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-1-CAD-Illustration-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-1-CAD-Illustration-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How An Electrical Engineer Uses Laser Cutting And Engraving When Constructing Custom Audio Equipment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When listening to your&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/KHcuCb9xN4A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">favorite song<\/a>, do you&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/4xgx4k83zzc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">turn it up to 11<\/a>? Or do you even consider how the volume is adjusted? In today\u2019s digital age, most of us give little thought to volume control. Just hit a button on your preferred electronic device to lower or raise the sound through the app\u2019s software.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Audiophile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">Audiophiles<\/a>, however, are all about high-fidelity sound reproduction. They not only think about how to control the quality and volume of sound but also how to improve it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThere\u2019s a resurgence in the vinyl record instead of streaming and vacuum-tube electronics instead of solid state,\u201d says Terry Gerritsen, owner of Dynamic Audio Engineering (DAE). \u201cA new generation of hipsters thinks this stuff is cool.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And when you have the cool factor combined with custom-built exclusivity, there\u2019s a market for products to serve this niche.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Building Stepped Attenuators<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Remote-and-Preamp.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-66962\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Remote-and-Preamp.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Remote-and-Preamp-300x236.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Remote-and-Preamp-768x604.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Terry didn\u2019t just wake up one day and decide to build stepped&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Attenuator_(electronics)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">attenuators<\/a>, the electronic devices that reduce the power of a signal without appreciably distorting its waveform. In fact, his interest in high-end audio equipment goes back to his teenage years when he found some speakers in an abandoned warehouse. (Read all about that experience&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dae-audio.ca\/about-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">here<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You might not think that finding some dust-covered 10\u201d woofers would be a pivotal moment, but for Terry, it sent him down a path of studying electrical engineering at university and a 26-year (and counting) career in engineering.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While he has always been interested in how things work as well as designing and building things, the idea for stepped attenuators came from where all good ideas originate\u2014in a bar, over a pint with friends.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cFor people who appreciate an actual volume control knob to turn there is a pecking order of quality,\u201d Terry explains. \u201cThe pinnacle would be a \u2018relay-switch attenuator,\u2019 which is used in only very high-end (expensive) equipment. But even a relay-switch attenuator is not perfect, and some audiophiles complain about the clicking noise the relays make when the volume is changed (think ticker tape machine).\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But what if you could put the relays in a small vacuum chamber to make the relay clicking inaudible?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Terry got to work&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/how-to-make\/how-to-make-a-product-prototype\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">prototyping<\/a>&nbsp;his stepped attenuator to find out. Not only did he have to figure out the mechanics to make it work, but he also had to design a complete&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/how-to-make\/making-enclosures-for-electronics-with-ponoko\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">electronics enclosure<\/a>&nbsp;for the hardware. \u201cWhat I thought would take a few months to build has taken me deeper into the realm of audio electronics for the past three years and counting,\u201d he says.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As with most electronics projects, as you continue to iterate prototypes, you find things that worked and didn\u2019t work, things you missed along the way and things you didn\u2019t even know to consider in the beginning. But as you systematically work the problem, it is possible to have a successfully functioning product in the end.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cAfter many months of struggling to make a prototype on my v2.2 attenuator, I have finally successfully assembled one,\u201d Terry says. \u201cIt is like the Thomas A. Edison quote, \u2018I have not failed. I&#8217;ve just found 10,000 ways that won\u2019t work.\u2019 It is more like 20 ways in the case of the v2.2 attenuator, but it feels like 10,000.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"658\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-2-v2.1-Attenuator-658x1024.jpg\" alt=\"DAE 2 - v2.1 Attenuator\" class=\"wp-image-66949\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-2-v2.1-Attenuator-658x1024.jpg 658w, https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-2-v2.1-Attenuator-193x300.jpg 193w, https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-2-v2.1-Attenuator-768x1194.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-2-v2.1-Attenuator-988x1536.jpg 988w, https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-2-v2.1-Attenuator-1317x2048.jpg 1317w, https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-2-v2.1-Attenuator.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 658px) 100vw, 658px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>What makes his modular stepped attenuator unique is that the relays are vibration isolated and housed in an acrylic vacuum chamber so that the mechanism is quiet. But therein lies the challenge: Keeping the vacuum sealed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While Terry has been able to make the v2.2 attenuator work, he wasn\u2019t 100% satisfied. So he began considering other design methods that wouldn\u2019t have the complexity of a vacuum seal but would achieve the same silent operation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe v3.0 attenuator is a radical departure from the v2.0 series attenuators that used a vacuum chamber to reduce relay switching noise,\u201d he explains. \u201cInstead of a vacuum chamber, the v3.0 attenuators use tiny reed switches and a few reed relays to perform the switching duties. The use of reed switches and relays allows the v3.0 to be significantly smaller and less costly than the v2.0 series attenuators.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Notice the size difference between the v2.2 attenuator on the left and the v3.O attenuator on the right. The smaller size not only saves costs in terms of material used and laser cutting but also shipping of the parts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"781\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-3-v2-vs-v3-Attenuator-1024x781.jpg\" alt=\"DAE 3 - v2 vs v3 Attenuator\" class=\"wp-image-66950\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-3-v2-vs-v3-Attenuator-1024x781.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-3-v2-vs-v3-Attenuator-300x229.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-3-v2-vs-v3-Attenuator-768x586.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-3-v2-vs-v3-Attenuator.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Terry notes that this very fancy volume control is radio controlled and motor operated, and the latest version of the attenuator uses 10 laser cut acrylic and Delrin pieces. \u201cClear acrylic is the most common material I use,\u201d he says. \u201cI started using this because it is a material that can be used to make a vacuum chamber, which I needed for one iteration of my attenuator design. I continue to use clear acrylic because the laser cut and engraved parts look great!\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You can see where he not only brands the faceplate by laser engraving the company name and location, but he also labels the ports for added convenience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"951\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-4-v3.0-Attenuator-1024x951.jpg\" alt=\"DAE 4 - v3.0 Attenuator\" class=\"wp-image-66951\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-4-v3.0-Attenuator-1024x951.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-4-v3.0-Attenuator-300x279.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-4-v3.0-Attenuator-768x713.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-4-v3.0-Attenuator.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>But acrylic isn\u2019t the only material Terry is using these days. He has recently built a birch plywood shipping enclosure for the v3.0 attenuator that uses seven pieces with interlocking box joint corners.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-5-v3.0-Attenuator-Shipping-Crate-Open-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"DAE 5 - v3.0 Attenuator Shipping Crate Open\" class=\"wp-image-66952\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-5-v3.0-Attenuator-Shipping-Crate-Open-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-5-v3.0-Attenuator-Shipping-Crate-Open-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-5-v3.0-Attenuator-Shipping-Crate-Open-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-5-v3.0-Attenuator-Shipping-Crate-Open.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI have wanted to experiment with laser cut plywood boxes, as there are software tools available to design the box joints at the corners that I wanted to try,\u201d Terry says. \u201cA 1\/8\u201d thick plywood shipping crate for the v3.0 attenuator provided the perfect excuse.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-6-3.0-Attenuator-Shipping-Crate-Closed-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"DAE 6 - 3.0 Attenuator Shipping Crate Closed\" class=\"wp-image-66953\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-6-3.0-Attenuator-Shipping-Crate-Closed-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-6-3.0-Attenuator-Shipping-Crate-Closed-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-6-3.0-Attenuator-Shipping-Crate-Closed-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-6-3.0-Attenuator-Shipping-Crate-Closed.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Not only does the crate protect the attenuator during transit, but it also serves as another branding point for the company.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Working With Ponoko<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>When Terry first began using&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/laser-cutting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">laser cutting<\/a>, he tried the machinery at a local maker space so he could be hands-on with the process. \u201cInitially I wanted to do the laser cutting myself to get a better feel for what was possible,\u201d he says. \u201cHowever, the maker space laser cutter was a community-based machine used by amateurs like myself, so you could never be sure of the availability\/condition of the machine. Also, a lot of experimentation was required to get good results when trying a material for the first time, even if only the material thickness was changed.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That\u2019s when he began looking for options and started working with Ponoko.&nbsp;\u201cOnce I got some experience, I was much happier using Ponoko because it saved time and allowed me to focus on the design. Also, the quality of the parts from Ponoko was much higher and more consistent than I could expect from laser cutting at the local maker space.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"573\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-7-Installed-Attenuator.jpg\" alt=\"DAE 7 - Installed Attenuator\" class=\"wp-image-66954\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-7-Installed-Attenuator.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-7-Installed-Attenuator-300x172.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DAE-7-Installed-Attenuator-768x440.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Keep in mind that Terry doesn\u2019t use laser cutting exclusively for his engineering projects, as some parts are&nbsp;better made with 3D printing or CNC machining. He uses whatever manufacturing technique is best to achieve the desired results.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cBut when it comes to flat parts and laser cutting, I use Ponoko and have been very happy with all aspects of the service,\u201d he says. \u201cLaser cutting with Ponoko allows me to make the acrylic parts I need for the numerous iterations of my product and make them quickly, accurately and at reasonable cost\u2014even in a quantity of one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWhat first enticed me to place an order was the easy-to-use online quoting\/ordering system, but what keeps me coming back is the high quality,\u201d he continues. \u201cWorking with Ponoko gives me the ability to build a prototype in small quantities that would be near impossible to build by hand with the same ease and accuracy.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"509\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/D\u00c6-Preamp.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-66964\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/D\u00c6-Preamp.png 1000w, https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/D\u00c6-Preamp-300x153.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ponoko.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/D\u00c6-Preamp-768x391.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>For a deeper dive into Terry\u2019s prototyping process, check out the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dae-audio.ca\/dae-vi-preamp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">DAE blog<\/a>&nbsp;where he details the challenges he faced and solutions he found when building the attenuator and other electronic projects.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How An Electrical Engineer Uses Laser Cutting And Engraving When Constructing Custom Audio Equipment<\/p>\n<p>When listening to your&nbsp;favorite song, do you&nbsp;turn it up to 11? Or do you even consider how the volume is adjusted? In today\u2019s digital age, most of us give little thought to volume control. Just hit a button on your preferred electronic device to lower or raise the sound through the app\u2019s software.<\/p>\n<p>Audiophiles, however, are all about high-fidelity sound reproduction.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":58,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1965,1066],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-66956","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-digital-manufacturing","category-maker-success-stories"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Building Accurate Prototypes With Laser Cut Parts<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How Terry Gerritsen, electrical engineer &amp; owner of Dynamic Audio Engineering, uses laser cutting and engraving when constructing custom audio equipment.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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